Nonhuman Primate Models for Empirical Research of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
نویسندگان
چکیده
To develop preventive or therapeutic interventions for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), experimental infection model systems are needed for studying human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), the causative agent of AIDS. However, since HIV-1 infect only human and chimpanzee, it is difficult to conduct the infected animal experiments with HIV-1 itself. Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infects rhesus monkey and causes AIDS-like symptoms. SIV/macaque model has revealed extremely important information in AIDS research. While detailed analysis of deep tissue using timely necropsy is informative in SIV-infected animals, such experiments would be impossible in humans. To overcome the narrow host range of HIV-1 and to develop a dependable animal model for AIDS, a chimeric simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) between SIV and HIV-1 was engineered. SHIV research revealed that the target cell affinity and pathogenesis of the virus were greatly affected by the interaction between cellular receptors (CCR5 and/or CXCR4) and the env gene of HIV-1, and that the CCR5-tropic virus was important for pathogenesis. Other experimental models have also been developed, such as HIV-1mt, in which > 90% of the genome is derived from HIV-1. This review presents the recent progress in SIV/SHIV/HIV-1mt research regarding the pathogenesis, prevention and cure of HIV infection.
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